Depression, Food & Eating Disorder Failures
Depression Linked to Eating Disorders
Children:
Many children who are depressed and who may think about or attempt suicide also think of their families as high in conflict and low in Control (Asarnow). Working with the entire family seems very important. One research question that needs to be answered is whether other family members share this perception of the family climate.
Depression therapy that works for children and adults:
Cognitive therapy with the children is also appropriate
because of the evidence that depressed children
feel incompetent and that these cognitions relate in
rather specific ways to the depressed state rather than
simply reflecting a general disruption and disturbance
(Weisz) or reflecting reality of performance
in academic, social, and athletic activities (Asarnow).
The cognitive perspective suggests that another
possible contributing factor to depression in both children
and adults is beliefs about their own helplessness.
In one study of 8- to 17-year-olds from several outpatient
clinics, these depressed adolescents and pre-adolescents
had strong beliefs in their own incompetence
(Weisz). The depression did not seem
to be related to their perception of a lack of connection
between their behavior and the outcome. In other
words, unlike what is sometimes seen in adults, these
children did not view what happened to them as a lack
of available reinforcement. Instead, as do some other
depressed adults, they believed the lack of reinforcement
occurred because they deserved none.
The use of Antidepressant drugs:
Antidepressant drugs are used to treat depression in children and adolescents as well as in adults. Tricyclic medication is as readily prescribed for adolescents as it is for adults. Among younger children, only those who are severely depressed seem to respond to tricyclic’s in the same way that adults do. Because of the lack of information about the effects of such drugs
during these crucial years of physical and cognitive development, most clinicians use them with great care.
Problems with Physical Symptoms (eating disorders)
Childhood and adolescent disorders with physical symptoms
include movement disorders (rapid, involuntary
movements or voluntary stereotyped movements such as
rocking of the entire body), as well as stuttering, bed-wetting,
sleepwalking, and eating disorders. Among the
eating disorders that occur in childhood and adolescence
are pica, in which the child persistently eats non food
substances such as paint, string, leaves, or pebbles.
Rumination disorder of infancy, in which the infant
regurgitates partially digested food; anorexia nervosa,
in which adolescents become preoccupied with "feeling
fat" and may diet until they die from malnutrition; and
bulimia nervosa or binge eating that is often followed
by purging through self-induced vomiting or the use of
large doses of laxatives or diuretics . The two disorders
that we discuss in this article, anorexia nervosa and bulimia
nervosa, are especially prevalent throughout adolescence
as well as young adulthood, and are more likely
to be found in females than in males.
Anorexia Nervosa
Although anorexia nervosa has been recognized since
the late 1700’s and was given its present name in 1874,
only recently have its psychological features become a
subject of clinical interest. For many years medical opinion
held that anorexia nervosa was a result of an endocrine
disturbance, and the possibility remains that the
condition is due to a disorder of the hypothalamus.
(Certain hypothalamic tumors are know to give rise to
a distaste for food).
Children:
Many children who are depressed and who may think about or attempt suicide also think of their families as high in conflict and low in Control (Asarnow). Working with the entire family seems very important. One research question that needs to be answered is whether other family members share this perception of the family climate.
Depression therapy that works for children and adults:
Cognitive therapy with the children is also appropriate
because of the evidence that depressed children
feel incompetent and that these cognitions relate in
rather specific ways to the depressed state rather than
simply reflecting a general disruption and disturbance
(Weisz) or reflecting reality of performance
in academic, social, and athletic activities (Asarnow).
The cognitive perspective suggests that another
possible contributing factor to depression in both children
and adults is beliefs about their own helplessness.
In one study of 8- to 17-year-olds from several outpatient
clinics, these depressed adolescents and pre-adolescents
had strong beliefs in their own incompetence
(Weisz). The depression did not seem
to be related to their perception of a lack of connection
between their behavior and the outcome. In other
words, unlike what is sometimes seen in adults, these
children did not view what happened to them as a lack
of available reinforcement. Instead, as do some other
depressed adults, they believed the lack of reinforcement
occurred because they deserved none.
The use of Antidepressant drugs:
Antidepressant drugs are used to treat depression in children and adolescents as well as in adults. Tricyclic medication is as readily prescribed for adolescents as it is for adults. Among younger children, only those who are severely depressed seem to respond to tricyclic’s in the same way that adults do. Because of the lack of information about the effects of such drugs
during these crucial years of physical and cognitive development, most clinicians use them with great care.
Problems with Physical Symptoms (eating disorders)
Childhood and adolescent disorders with physical symptoms
include movement disorders (rapid, involuntary
movements or voluntary stereotyped movements such as
rocking of the entire body), as well as stuttering, bed-wetting,
sleepwalking, and eating disorders. Among the
eating disorders that occur in childhood and adolescence
are pica, in which the child persistently eats non food
substances such as paint, string, leaves, or pebbles.
Rumination disorder of infancy, in which the infant
regurgitates partially digested food; anorexia nervosa,
in which adolescents become preoccupied with "feeling
fat" and may diet until they die from malnutrition; and
bulimia nervosa or binge eating that is often followed
by purging through self-induced vomiting or the use of
large doses of laxatives or diuretics . The two disorders
that we discuss in this article, anorexia nervosa and bulimia
nervosa, are especially prevalent throughout adolescence
as well as young adulthood, and are more likely
to be found in females than in males.
Anorexia Nervosa
Although anorexia nervosa has been recognized since
the late 1700’s and was given its present name in 1874,
only recently have its psychological features become a
subject of clinical interest. For many years medical opinion
held that anorexia nervosa was a result of an endocrine
disturbance, and the possibility remains that the
condition is due to a disorder of the hypothalamus.
(Certain hypothalamic tumors are know to give rise to
a distaste for food).
Food or eating issues? If you are serious about changing,
I encourage you to schedule a FREE CONSULTATION with the treatment method I recommend.
Click Here: http://www.TheLiberatorMethod.com
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
NOTES:
For more info on Depression Treatment click here:
Depression and Anxiety Treatment
I encourage you to schedule a FREE CONSULTATION with the treatment method I recommend.
Click Here: http://www.TheLiberatorMethod.com
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
NOTES:
For more info on Depression Treatment click here:
Depression and Anxiety Treatment
Anorexia Nervosa
Appetite loss secondary to depression
Binge eating disorder (BED)
Binge eating episodes
Bulimia nervosa (BN)
Compensatory Behaviors
Compulsive or compensatory exercise
Compulsive Overeating
Diabulimia
Disordered Eating
Eating disorder
Eating Disorder not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)
Extreme exercising
Feeding Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood
Female Athlete Triad
Food avoidance emotional disorder (FAED)
Food refusal
Functional dysphagia
Hyperphagia
Marasmus
Muscle dysmorphia (also called Reverse anorexia or Bigorexia)
Night Eating Syndrome (NES)
Obesity
Orthorexia
Overeating
Overweight
PANDAS
Pathorexia
Pervasive refusal syndrome
Pica
Picky eating
Prader Willi syndrome (PWS)
Purging disorder
Restrictive eating
Rumination disorder
Selective eating
Appetite loss secondary to depression
Binge eating disorder (BED)
Binge eating episodes
Bulimia nervosa (BN)
Compensatory Behaviors
Compulsive or compensatory exercise
Compulsive Overeating
Diabulimia
Disordered Eating
Eating disorder
Eating Disorder not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)
Extreme exercising
Feeding Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood
Female Athlete Triad
Food avoidance emotional disorder (FAED)
Food refusal
Functional dysphagia
Hyperphagia
Marasmus
Muscle dysmorphia (also called Reverse anorexia or Bigorexia)
Night Eating Syndrome (NES)
Obesity
Orthorexia
Overeating
Overweight
PANDAS
Pathorexia
Pervasive refusal syndrome
Pica
Picky eating
Prader Willi syndrome (PWS)
Purging disorder
Restrictive eating
Rumination disorder
Selective eating